Dry Eye Curly Coat Syndrome

Dry Eye Curly Coat Syndrome (or Curly Coat Dry Eye Syndrome) is a severe congenital disorder (autosomal recessive, meaning both parents must carry the mutated gene) that is uncommon but unique to Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. This syndrome is caused by a mutation in the FAM20A gene. It is a combination of both dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca or KCS) and curly coat (rough coat), both of which are present from birth.

The curly coat refers to a rough, scaly skin and coat rather than a truly curly coat. Puppies with Dry Eye Curly Coat Syndrome can be identified by the rough coat and footpad hyperkeratosis (crusty paw pads) within a few weeks of birth. The eyes are typically affected with dry eye within 6 months of age.

Sadly, this syndrome is severe and there is currently no cure. The life expectancy for these dogs is severely shortened and this disease affects their quality of life. Cavalier Health states that as of March 2023, there are approximately 190 dogs confirmed with this syndrome. Fortunately, there is a DNA test available for this disorder, and breeders should test their breeding dogs to ensure neither parent has this mutation to prevent passing it on to offspring.